Many people, myself included, prefer to use the term “perinatal” mental health rather than postpartum depression or postpartum mental health. I like to use this term because it is inclusive of the many different mental health challenges that can occur when having a baby.
“Perinatal” is typically used to describe the time period from the start of pregnancy to one year after giving birth. “Perinatal mental health” refers to the emotional and psychological wellbeing of individuals during pregnancy or postpartum period. It is also usually understood to include mental health concerns related to fertility or pregnancy loss as well as the mental health of dads and non-birthing parents.
Mental health concerns during perinatal period
While there is growing awareness of postpartum depression, fewer people know that other mental health conditions can occur during pregnancy and postpartum. Anxiety, OCD, PTSD, and bipolar disorder may all present during the perinatal period. In addition, individuals with a history of a mental health condition may experience a change or reemergence of symptoms during this time.
Just because someone hasn’t given birth doesn’t mean they are immune from mental health concerns during this time period! Having a pregnant partner or a new baby can bring on new stressors, cause changes in identity and daily life, and lead to relationship changes that are hard to navigate. All of these changes impact one’s mental health and can contribute to symptoms of anxiety or depression.
Sadly, having a baby doesn’t always go as we plan. Infertility, pregnancy loss, or health complications all have a significant impact on mental health. Feelings of grief, sadness, and anxiety all often occur when experiencing challenges with having the family you want.
Who can help?
Along with a growing awareness and research into perinatal mental health concerns, there are more and more treatment options to address perinatal mental health concerns. Treatment for perinatal mental health conditions may include a combination of psychotherapy, behavior changes, medication, and increasing social and emotional support.
There are many different helping professionals that can provide support if you are noticing a change in your mental health in the perinatal period. This may include:
- OB/GYN: The OB/GYN is often the first medical professionals women talk to about concerns with their mental health. OB/GYNs can provide assessment, medication, and referrals to other providers to address perinatal mental health concerns. If you don’t know where to start, talking to your OB/GYN is a great first step.
- Psychotherapists: There are many different types of therapists that can provide psychotherapy to address perinatal mental health concerns. This includes psychologists, clinical social workers, marriage and family therapists, and professional counselors. There are also a range of types of psychotherapy that have been shown to help with perinatal depression and anxiety disorders.
- Psychiatrists: Psychiatrists are medical doctors who treat mental health conditions. They prescribe medications and some also provide psychotherapy. Some psychiatrists specialize in perinatal and reproductive mental health.
- Doulas and Lactation Consultants: While not mental health professionals, the support of a doula or lactation consultant can have significant mental health benefits.
Where to get more information:
Here are some trusted online resources to learn more about perinatal mental health:
- Postpartum Support International (PSI)
- PSI offers many online virtual support groups and a free 24 hour helpline. They also have an online database of providers with training in perinatal mental health.
- NIMH Factsheet on Perinatal Depression
- NIH Action Plan for Depression and Anxiety During Pregnancy and After Birth
- American College of Gynecologists and Obstetricians Perinatal Mental Health Toolkit