Online Trauma and PTSD therapists in South Dakota
Find experienced online trauma and PTSD therapists in South Dakota who provide testing, evidence-based treatment for trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder, and related challenges such as anxiety, depression, and stress. Compare detailed therapist profiles and connect with a provider that’s right for you.
PTSD/Trauma
Beth Janis
Psychologist, Ph.D.
I have extensive experience supporting individuals in navigating the impacts of relational trauma. My clinical training and experience has focused on intimate partner violence/domestic violence, sexual assault, physical and emotional abuse, and the trauma inherent in foster care / residential treatment placements. I'm passionate about working with individuals on lessening the constraints that trauma and PTSD can have on their lives.
8 Years Experience
In-Person in Crofton, MD
Online in California,
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Paul Daanen
Psychologist, PsyD
I specialize in the assessment and treatment of PTSD and cPTSD. As mentioned elsewhere here, I utilize a multifaceted approach that is customized to the needs of each individual person I work with. When suitable, and with sufficient preparation, I emphasize EMDR as my treatment approach of choice.
16 Years Experience
In-Person in Tacoma, WA
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Meghan Miller
Psychologist, PsyD, LP
Trauma can impact the nervous system long after the event has passed, affecting relationships, work performance, emotional regulation, and your sense of safety. You may notice heightened anxiety, emotional numbness, difficulty trusting others, or feeling stuck in patterns that don’t make logical sense. In therapy, I take a structured, evidence-based approach grounded in CBT and trauma-informed care to help you process painful experiences safely and at your own pace. Our work focuses on restoring a sense of control, strengthening coping skills, and helping your mind and body move from survival mode toward greater stability and integration.
14 Years Experience
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
(Online Only)
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Heidi Anderson Sauder
Psychologist, PhD, CGT, CST
Trauma and PTSD can significantly impact emotional connection, communication, trust, intimacy, and feelings of safety within a relationship. Gottman Method couples therapy provides a supportive and trauma-informed space for partners to better understand how trauma responses may affect relationship dynamics while strengthening connection and emotional safety. Therapy helps couples develop healthier communication patterns, increase empathy and attunement, and navigate triggers or stress responses with greater understanding and care. Whether trauma stems from current betrayal, past relationships, childhood experiences, loss, medical events, or other life experiences, the goal is to help couples build resilience, deepen support, and foster a relationship grounded in trust, compassion, and healing.
25 Years Experience
In-Person in Centennial, CO 80112
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Kelsi Clayson
Psychologist, Psy.D.
Trauma has a way of showing up and persisting despite our efforts to keep it at bay. For some, it’s like a thorn that has settled into place and doesn’t hurt too badly as long as you focus your attention elsewhere. For others, it’s an unavoidable, constant source of pain, anger, and fear. Whether it happened recently or decades ago, trauma can take up valuable space in our lives. This may come in the form of unwanted memories, difficulty trusting others, feeling on edge, irritability, avoiding certain situations, or maybe all of the above. Unfortunately, efforts to avoid thinking about past traumatic events often keep people from seeking treatment and finding relief. Although challenging, addressing and resolving emotional wounds can be incredibly liberating and rewarding. Trauma treatment can positively shift the lens through which you see yourself, your relationships, and ultimately the world around you.
8 Years Experience
In-Person in Wesley Chapel, FL 33544
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
New Leaf Counseling and Wellness
Psychologist
Treating trauma and PTSD requires a comprehensive and compassionate approach that prioritizes safety, trust, and empowerment. Drawing from evidence-based therapies such as cognitive processing therapy, eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), and somatic experiencing, I work with clients to process and integrate traumatic memories in a supportive therapeutic environment. Through psychoeducation, skill-building, and experiential techniques, I help clients regain a sense of control over their lives while addressing symptoms such as hypervigilance, flashbacks, and avoidance. My specialized expertise enables me to tailor treatment to each individual's unique needs, fostering healing, resilience, and a renewed sense of hope for the future.
25 Years Experience
In-Person in Schaumburg, IL 60173
In-Person in Naperville, IL 60563
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Jennifer Whaley
Psychologist, PsyD
I specialize in trauma therapy. I create a place to slowly though steadily work through the pains that develop after a trauma. Common traumas I treat include childhood abuse and neglect, sexual trauma, combat/military, and relational trauma.
10 Years Experience
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
(Online Only)
PTSD/Trauma
True Purpose Behavioral Health Services, PLLC
Psychologist, PhD
I have multiple years of experience providing therapy in relation to PTSD and trauma exposure. Specific strategies in therapy will involve the following: Collaboratively setting goals, identifying unhelpful thoughts related to trauma event(s), gradual exposure to trauma triggers, and development of self-care practices.
6 Years Experience
In-Person in Maitland, FL 32751
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Christopher Lowery, DHSc, CLCP
Clinical Health Practitioner, Board-Certified Life Care Planner
This component provide evidence based support for individuals recovering from trauma and PTSD, supporting emotional processing, coping strategies, resilience-building, and the development of safety and stability in daily life.
24 Years Experience
In-Person in Houston, TX 77008
Online in Multiple States
Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Northern Mariana Islands, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin
PTSD/Trauma
Jason Hutchings
Psychologist, PsyD
Whether you have experienced a trauma or feeling the trauma of every day life, we can work to understand what the event meant and how it has imprinted in your psyche. This can free up a lot of energy that has become trapped in being hyper vigilant, irritable, angry, fearful and depressed.
13 Years Experience
In-Person in Philadelphia, PA 19102
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Tara Murphy
Psychologist, Psy.D.
Trauma leaves lasting imprints on the body, mind, and relationships, and no two experiences of healing look the same. I have extensive experience working with military members, children in the foster care system facing complex trauma, and adults recovering from childhood neglect or abuse. My approach is trauma-informed and highly individualized, integrating IFS, attachment-focused therapy, mindfulness, somatic awareness, family systems, and psychodynamic work. I draw on a range of evidence-based and relational approaches to fit each client’s needs. I also collaborate closely with prescribers when helpful and provide careful diagnostic clarity to distinguish trauma from dissociative disorders, depression, or personality patterns.
29 Years Experience
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
(Online Only)
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Jeffrey Huttman
Psychologist, Ph.D.
As a licensed psychologist, I specialize in treating trauma and PTSD. I have extensive experience working with individuals who have experienced combat related trauma, as well as accidents, assaults, and other traumatic experiences. I utilize an eclectic blend of CBT, DBT, psychoeducation, mindfulness and relaxation techniques to help guide those struggling to feel relief.
23 Years Experience
In-Person in Delray Beach, FL 33484
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Maria T. Alonso, Ph.D.
Psychologist
As a psychologist working with trauma, I utilize evidence-based treatments to help clients process and heal from their experiences. I often use Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT) to assist clients in addressing and reframing the negative thought patterns and emotional responses associated with their trauma. This approach helps them develop coping strategies and gradually face and work through their traumatic memories. Additionally, I incorporate Eye Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing (EMDR) to facilitate the processing of distressing memories and reduce their emotional charge. My approach is empathetic and client-centered, ensuring that each individual feels supported and empowered throughout their recovery journey. By applying these evidence-based treatments, I aim to help clients regain a sense of safety and control, ultimately guiding them towards healing and resilience.
29 Years Experience
In-Person in Landenberg, PA 19350
In-Person in Manhattan, NY 10014
Online in New York,
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Sam Macy
Psychologist, PsyD
Therapy is one of the most effective ways to treat trauma (including the clinical manifestations of PTSD). In a context of warmth, patience, and care, I use an evidence-based and strengths-based approach to help people heal from and learn to better manage the impacts of trauma.
16 Years Experience
In-Person in Chicago, IL 60605
In-Person in Oak Park, IL 60302
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Elizabeth Coldren
Psychologist, PSYD, PSYPACT
For more than 33 years, I’ve worked with adults whose lives have been shaped by experiences that were overwhelming, prolonged, or carried alone for a long time. Many are thoughtful, highly responsible people who have learned to keep going, even when something inside feels stuck, numb, or on edge.
This often includes early family dynamics that were never named as “trauma,” but still live in your body and relationships. When these kinds of experiences are ongoing or rooted in early life, they are often described as complex trauma, C‑PTSD, or developmental trauma.
Difficult or frightening experiences can also arise from single incidents or periods of crisis, such as medical trauma, accidents, or other shocks. These experiences may or may not meet criteria for PTSD, but they can still leave a lasting imprint.
These experiences can influence how you understand yourself, how you move through relationships, and how your nervous system responds to daily life. You may notice changes in mood, concentration, or energy. Some people feel constantly on alert, others shut down, and many move between the two. For some, there is a clear “before and after” in their life; for others, there is a quieter sense of having experienced more than most people realize.
In our work together, we focus on building safety and softening the impact of trauma, including PTSD and C‑PTSD, on your daily life. We pay close attention to how it impacts your body, nervous system, and relationships and to the patterns and roles that once helped you cope but may now feel limiting or costly. We move at a pace that respects your capacity and what feels possible right now, with an emphasis on choice and partnership throughout the process.
26 Years Experience
In-Person in Denver, CO 80205
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Jennifer Jones Cameron
Psychologist, Ph.D.
Experiencing trauma can leave lasting scars that affect every aspect of your life. I specialize in treating trauma and PTSD with a compassionate and evidence-based approach. I help you process your traumatic experiences, develop coping strategies, and move towards healing and recovery. My goal is to empower you to reclaim your life and build a future where you feel safe, supported, and resilient.
16 Years Experience
In-Person in Raleigh, NC 27615
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Sarah Pouliot
Psychologist, PhD, LP
Trauma did not wait for consent; Therapy must. While many different therapeutic modalities exist for the treatment of trauma and PTSD, what remains essential is the thoughtful and careful negotiation of pacing between therapist and client such that the therapeutic process feels as manageable and tolerable as possible. Given that trauma so often results from harmful relational dynamics that force agendas or remove personal agency, trauma therapy must offer a healing space that does not seek to rush, pressure, or impinge. Rather, and in my professional opinion, it's imperative that trauma therapy respect the client's experience of what feels manageable at any given moment in therapeutic time and space, working to avoid unnecessary setback and potential retraumatization. I feel this is best achieved through the development of a reliable therapeutic rapport and relationship that functions to carefully and mindfully co-monitor and co-negotiate the everchanging and expanding dynamics between therapist and client. Put another way, your therapy should not be forced into someone else's timeframe or methodology; it should be allowed to develop in step with your specific history, unique needs, and comfort level. Please refer to my Trauma Blog on my website (pouliotpsychologicalservices.com) for more information on my approach to the treatment of trauma.
16 Years Experience
In-Person in Kalamazoo, MI 49001
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
PTSD/Trauma
Sumer Statler Aeed
Psychologist, Licensed Psychologist
Trauma is the experience not just of what happened to us, but by how our bodies, neurology, and hearts respond to what happened to us. Traumas of 'small t' and traumas of 'big T' both create adaptions to our true selves that can lead in our being 'stuck' in ways that don't serve us, that may create more trauma, or disconnection from our true selves and to our relationships with others. We have multiple ways of healing trauma, including complex traumas, including Flash Therapy, EMDR, Internal Family Systems (IFS), clinical hypnosis, somatic work, art therapy and more. Coming back to your true self, perhaps for the first time, is not a journey to be missed.
27 Years Experience
Online in France, United Kingdom,
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
(Online Only)
PTSD/Trauma
Phillip Thomas Stepka, PsyD.
Psychologist, Licensed Clinical Psychologist
I specialize in working with people who have experienced the worst that life can throw at them. This may include single devastating events such as natural disasters, catastrophic accidents, and loss. This may also include chronic experiences such as childhood neglect/abuse, prolonged exposure to big and little "T" traumas such as those experienced by service members, first responders, survivors of war, human trafficking, domestic violence, and other long-standing environmental stressors.
15 Years Experience
Online in Iowa, Louisiana,
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming
(Online Only)
PTSD/Trauma
Dr. Jenny Shields
Psychologist
Trauma has a way of rewriting your story without your permission. Even when you tell yourself you’ve moved past it, memories can suddenly feel overwhelming, trust becomes harder, and your mind and body stay on high alert. Dr. Shields understands how exhausting and isolating this experience can be. She provides compassionate, specialized support grounded in highly effective trauma-specific approaches, including Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), Prolonged Exposure (PE), and Trauma-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (TF-CBT). With care, empathy, and patience, she’ll help you rebuild your sense of safety, regain your clarity, and reclaim your story—on your own terms.
12 Years Experience
In-Person in The Woodlands, TX 77381
Online in
PSYPACT states
Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, CNMI, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, Washington, D.C., West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming